How to Visualize Qualitative Coding Results in MAXQDA (Full Transcript)

[00:00:00] Speaker 1: So the next step is to develop visual representations in terms of the results. Right. As you can see here, there are more than eight ways of visualizing your findings. Right. And you don't have to do all of them. Right. We just have to choose the ones that make sense to you and the one that you'll be able to communicate and add value to your findings. Right. So we're going to go through all the eight and then you can decide which one you want to do. If you have any questions concerning the visual representations, let me know. I'll be happy to address them for you. So the first one is if you want to have a table that will show all the things that you have selected, all the codes that you have selected and also the number of significant information connected to each of the codes. Right. So if you want that, this is what you're going to do. You're going to go to codes and then go to code statistics and then choose the second option, which is subcode statistics. Right. Then what you're going to do is let me pull this, push this one back here. So this is what you're going to see. Right. So what you're going to do is you're going to bring all the research questions here. If you want to focus on the themes under the research question and see the number of significant information connected to the themes, you can bring the research question. You can bring one of the research questions if you want. But if you want to see all of them, the themes and the frequency, then you bring them here. Make sure that coded segment is checked. Right. So you check that and then aggregate subcodes is also checked. This one is just telling you the system that all the number of significant information connected to each of the codes will be aggregated and connected to the themes that it calls are under. Right. If you are confused on one, you see the diagram, you see what I'm talking about. So you click on OK. Then this is the table that you're going to see. You see here research question three. Right. Opportunities for enhancing responsible innovation. And then these are the themes that came. So all these are the themes for research question three and also the number of segments. It is the number of quotations and the percentages. Right. So when you click on this chart view, this is what you're going to see. You can always change the colors when you go here. You can change the colors to the ones that you like. Right. And you can also change the numbers. You can see here that there's a percentage. If you want to see both the percentage and the numbers, you can click on this one. Yes, you can click on this one to see all the percentages and numbers. Right. And so here you can see that for transparency, education, education and public engagement receive a lot of statements, which is 10 statements and followed by proactive adaptive accountability mechanisms. Right. And you can see here it's eight. So if you want to see the one for research question one, you can click here and select research question one. If you want to do the research question two, you can select and see. And you can export each of them by going to here, click on export. You can also change it to pie chart if you want to. So click here and then you can change it back to any kind of illustration or the shape that you want. Right. So this is what I have for you concerning having all the themes and also the number of significant information connected to the themes. Right. So let's move on to the second illustration. So the second illustration is think about is like if you want to know the source of the quotations and also the themes that the quotation are connected to. Right. So you will have a table and it's quite similar to what I show you. But the main difference is that this case you're going to have quotations in the cells, not the numbers. Right. So if if it's eight, you're going to have eight quotations. And this one too, we are not going to focus on the themes. We are going to focus on the codes. So this is what we call code comparison. So you are comparing the codes based on the significant information or the segment that the codes has. Right. So let's say you want to compare codes based on the evidence that you have. You can use this kind of table. Right. So you click on the code tab and go to code comparison. And then this is what you're going to see. So let's focus on early research question three. And this time we are not going to select themes. We are selecting the codes under the themes. Right. And let's select like only six of the codes here and research question three and go to. OK. And then this is what you're going to see. So this one is showing. So for the column, the columns are the themes or the codes. Right. All these are the codes that we selected. Right. One, two, three, four codes. And you see that this code is connected to one document. Document. Then it's also connected to three coded segments. So you can see three significant information here. And then it's connected to one of the document. But we don't know which one. Which document do you think is connected to? We don't know. If you want to know, you can uncheck one of them and you can see that it's connected to this document, the focus group one transcript. Right. And then if we uncheck that and we check this one, we see that this one is connected to focus group two. Right. So you see which one is connected to. And if you can, you can also download it. Right. You can, you can export it by clicking on this icon so that you'll be able to export and then use this information. This one will help you to really compare the evidence and based on the codes that we have. The only limitation is that this one doesn't show the themes, but it shows if you want to compare codes, not the themes. Right. This, this one will be helpful for you. So let's go to the next one. So the next one is, let me show you here. So the third one is case versus codes with segment. So think about this one. Think about cases as document or cases as speakers. Right. And let's go through and let's see how it looks like right now. Maybe it might be difficult for you to know what exactly I'm talking about. So what are you going to do is that we go to analysis. Right. And then we go to compare cases. We look for compare cases here. Right. You say this one, you are comparing cases. Right. So technically you are comparing documents. Right. So each, so we have only two cases. We are comparing two documents. And then you're going to choose qualitative coded segments. Right. So we choose that. And then this time you're going to bring the document here. Right. So I'm going to bring this document and then maybe I'll bring the second document. Right. So this is a two focus groups. And then this one is asking you to drag codes. Right. So I'm going to drag one of the codes here, this, the first code under the theme and a second code under the, under the same theme. Right. And then I click on. Okay. And see what I got. Right. So you can see here that I have, you know, when I did that is also brought the theme connected to these two codes. Right. And then you can see here that when it looks like there's no connection of these themes to their focus group two. Right. But it's a connection with a focus group one. Right. So this is what you can see here. And when you click on the second one, it also shows that the segment related to these themes or these codes are connected to focus group one. So it helps you to know the source of the quotation, whether it's from one document or another. So this one, you are comparing documents based on the quotation related to a specific code. I don't know whether this one will be useful for you, but this is an option for you to explore. Right. Let's try another one again. Let's close this one. I'm going back again to analyze and then compare cases or groups on qualitative. Click on qualitative coded segments. And this time I'm going to clear this list and bring the themes instead and see whether it will work. So I'm bringing the themes for research question one and see whether it will work. And I click on OK. See here, it doesn't work because the team technically doesn't have the quotations. It's the code that have the quotation. So you see why it doesn't work. Right. So always bring the quotes instead of the themes when you are trying to compare documents. Right. So normally you bring these codes here. Right. So let's do it again. We go to analyze, compare cases. You choose the qualitative one. You bring these ones back. You clear that. And then only bring the only bring the quotes. Right. So I only bring the quotes and I click on OK. And this is what you're going to see when you bring the code. It also bring the themes. Right. And then when you try to collapse the codes under each of the teams, you see that the numbers will change here. Now it's zero. When it collapses, it's six. When it collapses, this one is eight. You collapse that. So you collapse this one to collapse that. Right. So if you collapse that and you click on that, it now showing all the quotation connected to the theme. Right. Because the system has aggregated all the individual significant information and a specific theme. Right. So if you want to really show the themes that are connected to a specific quotation, then you have to bring individual codes there, here. And then when you bring them here, it will also bring the themes back here. Right. Then you can even export it when you export it to show the themes there too. Right. So this is what I have for you. I don't know whether this one is going to be useful, but this is what you can get and explore. So let's go to the next one. The next one is about comparing cases with code frequency. Right. So we're going to use, we're going to go to analysis and click on compare cases. And this time you're going to choose quantitative because we want to see the number of significant information connected to a specific code that is also can be connected to a case, which is a document or a transcript. So you click on a quantitative option there. And then now I bring the two documents. Right. And I also choose the codes that I'm interested in. I'm choosing all the codes that I'm interested in. Right. And then click on OK. And this is what you're going to see. Right. This one is giving you the percentage. You can, there's a way of changing it to numbers. So you want to click here. So when you look at all these, this theme, right, three significant information are connected to this theme. And also the significant information is also from this transcript, which is focus group two. And then if you want to know, this one is also from focus group one. Right. So you can see that focus group two talks more about this concept than focus group one. Focus group two talks more about this concept than focus group one. So if you want to compare the groups based on the specific themes or code, this one, it will be very useful for you. Right. And you can always export it by clicking on export. Right. I hope this one was helpful. If you have any questions, let me know. If you want to compare the two groups based on the themes that you have, this visual representation will be very helpful for you. So let's go to the next visual representation. Okay. So the next one is trying to compare themes based on the demographic information or trying to compare demographic information based on a theme. So this is what you're going to do. We're going to click the mixed method tab and go to segment metrics and go to segment metrics for focus groups. Before you create the metrics, right, segment metrics, you have to first choose the themes or the codes that you are interested in. Right. How do you choose? Let's say we want to focus on research question two, you click on the arrow here to show all the themes, and then you can activate the themes that you are interested in by selecting them. So you see here, here, I have activated the themes, right. By selecting them. So you see here, what I activate the things, the subcodes, and that has also been activated. Right. So I've activated all the themes then, because that's what I'm interested in. If you're interested in all of them, you can activate all of them. So you go to segment metrics. You choose the second option to segment metrics for, for focus groups, and then you bring the variables that you are interested in. Right. I want to explore the agenda. I double click on gender. I indicate female. I double click on gender again and indicate male because I want to compare the male to the female. I also, I'm interested in geographical location. You double click on that. You choose the first option. Right. You double click. You choose the second one. You double click and choose the third group. Right. So you see here that I'm interested in geographical location and gender, and I have all the groups here and I go to click on. Okay. You can see here that this is showing only the ones I have activated. Right. I activated the themes and all of the themes are here. Right. And you see the numbers here. These numbers are the number of significant information connected to each of the codes or the number of segments connected to each of the themes. Right. So when you click on this one, it shows all the 10 significant information and where, and where they are connected. Right. So you can see here that for the 10, one of them is connected to female males, and then one, two, three, four are connected to the males. Right. And then there's nothing for rural. And then there is one for significant information connected to the urban, and then there's one for suburban. Right. So you can see here that you'll be able to, you know, the good thing about this one is it helps you to know all the significant information and which of the groups are connected. Now you can even compare the groups and you can see that concerning this theme, females, males were talking more about this theme compared to females. And also people in an urban area were talking more about this theme compared to people who are not in the urban area. So you'll be able to do some comparison based on the themes You can do the same. You can click here and see how the themes, the significant information that have been distributed based on the groups that you have, so that you'll be able to compare. And you can also export. When you export, all the information will be in one cell spreadsheet. Let's export and see how it's going to look like. So I click on export and then I say, I'm trying to save it on the desktop so that we can see how it will look like. So I'm going to the desktop and let me open that. Okay. So this is how it looks like. You have all the significant information connected to the themes and then also under each of the groups that you have, right? So that you can be able to compare. This one will be very helpful for you, especially if you want to show people all the significant information and their connection with a specific group and also the theme. So this one will be very helpful for you. You can also give it to your supervisors for them to review all the significant information and the themes that they are connected to. So let's move to the next one. Let me close this one. And as I told you, not all of them will be useful for you. So you choose the one that will be useful and then present that information or do further analysis. So the next one, let me show you. The next one is you are trying to compare the themes or the codes. You want to find out the connection between the themes or the code with the variables, right? In this time, it's not about a segment. It's about a frequency, right? The frequency, the number of significant information connected to a specific theme and also variables. So let's see what we're going to find. So we're going to use a crosstab. When you go to mixed methods, you click on mixed method tab, and you go to your crosstab and choose the second option, which is crosstab for focus group. And this is what you're going to see. It's quite similar to what you have done for segment metrics, right? But this time you are not focusing on all the quotations, right? Being there in the table, you are focusing on number of quotation or number of segment. So let's try to use the same variables, right? We have gender and also we have a geographic allocation. If you don't want that, you can click on this one to take them out and bring new one. So maybe you can focus on gender and then profession. So we double click on profession, and then you bring the variables that you are interested in related to the professional or the groups that you are interested in. I was fast to click on this. Let's go back again. So I go here, go to crosstab for, so we have selected one for one of the professions. We're going to go back again, double click on profession, and then select the second one, right? I think we have a lot of options for profession. So let's do only three groups for now, right? And then click on okay. And this is what you're going to see. So as you can see here, this one is showing the number of significant information connected to a specific variable or a specific group and a variable. So you see the gender, you see the themes here, and the number of significant information, right? Connected to that. So this one will help you to know which group is more connected to a specific theme, right? You can see that males were more connected to this one. Females were more connected to this theme, knowledge, understanding deficits, right? So you can export it by clicking on this one to export this table. If you want to see the percentage too, you can click on it to see the percentage there. But sometimes it's very confusing to me. So I like seeing the numbers instead of percentages. So we are going closer to finishing. So what's the next one? So the next one, that's the seventh one, is when you want to compare the themes with the focus group speakers, right? And then we want to see the frequencies, the number of statements from each of the speakers, right? So let's see whether this one may be useful for you. Let's assume that you want to only focus on maybe these groups, right? Only the activated group, right? Then when you go to that place, you can select only for activated codes or only for activated speakers, right? So this time we are not focusing on any activated or selected codes or selected speakers. So we just go here, code metrics, browser, and then this time we choose focus group, right? Speakers. And then we uncheck this one because we haven't activated any speaker, right? We want all the speakers. We click on, okay, and let's see what we're going to find. So you can see here that it shows all of the research questions and the themes under them, right? So you click here, you can see all the themes, right? For research question three, the same thing here, all the themes for research question four. So the bigger the circle, the higher the frequency, the number of statements that are connected to a specific speaker, right? So you can see here that this number of statements I think you can also change things to numbers by clicking on here. You can change it to some percentages, right? So you have a lot of options here, right? So if you want to show the number of statements from a specific speaker connected to a specific theme, this table will be very helpful for you. So let me see, let's go to the last one. So the last one is about word cloud and there are many ways of generating word cloud, right? So let me show you one easier way of generating word cloud. So you can, let's say you select all of the documents, right? Let's select all of the documented two documents here. We have activated them, right? Selected all of them. We select all the quotes. So we click here to select all the quotes. All the segments will be here. All the quotations will be here, right? If you want to create a word cloud based on all the significant information you have coded, you can just click on this one, right? And then it will create a word cloud for you. That is all here. And you can go to format and make any adjustment that you want in terms of the color and anything that you want to make, right? That will be useful for you. Also, let's say you want to focus on only one theme, right? You can click here to clean all the activated places and maybe you want to focus on only this theme, right? So that's only one of the themes and the segment here, and it can also create a word cloud concerning that, right? So that's what you can do here. If you want to create a word cloud too, you can still go to visual tools and click here to create word cloud. Here you can bring the documents that you want to help create. So let's say you bring this document, right? And then you click on. So it will create a word cloud based on the documents, right? So you have many options when it comes to word cloud. You can do in many places that you want to do. Another visual representation is word cloud based on the segment. I think we have already done that. The word cloud based on, oh, the word cloud based on code. So you see here, the code cloud, right? So you can click here and then bring the document to your, so this is the document, the focus group document here, right? The second focus group. And then let's say I bring a code here. I bring some codes here, right? And then if you brought a theme, you have to check this one aggregate sub quotes, right? So let me clear the list here. Let's say I want to bring the themes. I have to check this place and bring only the themes, right? And then click on. Okay. And this is what to create, right? You can always adjust it. So you can see that this team is bigger, right? So you can do it based on a specific theme. So that's a very good visual representation. You can also explore. This is what I have for you. Let me know whether you have any questions. I'll be happy to address them for you. Thank you so much for your time.