Speaker 1: Okay, so in this video, I am going to tell you about the specializations of law. If you want to pursue a career in law, then it is very important to know about the specialization. Because that's how you will decide which specialization you want to focus on in the future. And even in law, you have to have one specialization. If you don't do anything, whether you work in civil or criminal, if you don't do anything, then you will focus on the corporate top. But you will be in one specialization, right? Now, if you have the right information about the specialization, then it will be easier for you to make decisions and you will know about your interests. So finding out the right specialization for you becomes easy. The video will be a little long, so you will have to watch it patiently. Because I am going to explain all the specializations to you. If you want, you can increase the speed and watch it. So let's start. I will tell you one by one which specializations you have. The most popular one is civil law. The most sought-after law specialization deals with handling. What happens in this? This deals with damage suits, private rights of individuals, drafting deeds and wills, handling breach of contract suits, acting as trustee and guardians, as well as handling mortgages. To study and make a career in civil law, aspirants must be aware of rights, acts and remedies of family law, criminal law, property law, which they study in their law courses. What skills are required for civil law? For civil law, you should have an eye for details, networking and soft skills, analytical and logical skills, as well as must keep a journalistic approach towards latest development in law domain. So civil law is the most popular. The second most popular is criminal law. This law field deals with offences against society or state. This is one of the oldest and also an extremely exciting branch of law. So if crime excites you, new situations excite you, then this is for you. In this specialization, one is involved in interviewing clients, interrogating witnesses, conducting trials, correlating findings, preparing a case for defense, as well as examining and cross-examining witnesses in court. All the movies you must have seen, all the online cinema dramas you must have seen, everything revolves around criminal law. So this is quite exciting. Next is tax law, which is equally very important. This law specialization focuses on income tax, real tax, estate tax, franchisees, problem of inheritance, etc. With income comes the tax, be it for individuals or organizations. Hence, the need for tax law studies where one can learn all about policies, government rules and regulations, as well as remedies to help tax defaulters. So people will earn money, after earning money, they will find a way to steal tax. So as a lawyer, lawyers play from both sides, you play from the side of defaulters, and you play from the side of government or tax collector. Next is corporate law, which is becoming very popular. All the big corporates, small corporates, companies, they also need legal help, legal support. If you want to establish a new company, what are the laws? If you want to establish a new factory, what are the laws? What are the existing laws to be followed? This law deals with advising corporations on their legal rights, obligations and privileges. Lawyers practicing corporate law also need to study statutes, constitutions and ordinances, and also help the corporations in making important decisions on whether to go in for suit or not. So all the legal-related aspects of a company, whether it is a big company producing a product, corporate lawyers help in all its legal aspects. Next is international law. So this law specialization deals with trade laws, immigration laws, labor and employment laws. All these come under international law. Next is labor law. So what is labor law? A lawyer who has an understanding of the conflicts between labor and management to resolve them, and making sure that the company is following the right labor laws. In India, we have labor laws, so every company has to follow them. So this law specialization deals with workers, their association, worker rights, worker duties and worker conditions. A lawyer who specializes in labor law is often called to sort out issues between the management and the firm's employees. So this is labor law. Next is real estate law. It is a growing field, property, disputes and many other governance issues. So this law covers conveyance of property, search records and deeds to establish titles of property, acting as trustee and property and drawing up legal documents for deeds and mortgages. So all the legal issues related to property will be handled by a real estate lawyer. So this is also one specialization. Next is patent law. So this law specialization focuses on securing patents for inventors from the patent office. Here the lawyer specializes in prosecuting or defending patent infringement and preparing detailed specifications of the patent and so on. So if a company or an individual has made an innovation which is very important, they have taken a patent, so what are the legal requirements to take a patent? What legal support is required? A patent lawyer will help in that. Secondly, if there is an infringement of that patent, suppose Apple has made an innovation, some other company has stolen it, so how does this lawyer legal team will help? According to the country, everything will be done. So this is patent law. Now comes media law. So this legal field deals with various aspects related to telecommunication, information technology, defamation, broadcasting, copywriting, advertising, confidentiality, contempt, entertainment law, privacy, censorship, firm law, internet and online services. This means all the media related laws are included in media law. This is a basic understanding. There can be many things in this. There is some copyrighted content, someone has stolen it, there is an infringement, wrong misguidelines have been used in advertising, misrepresentation has happened, there is defamation, someone has said something about someone, someone has said something about a celebrity, many such things can come under media law. So here you will be working with companies, news channels or as an individual helping in all of this. Competition law. In India, we have competition law because it has been a free trade practice. It doesn't mean that one company is very strong. So for that we have competition laws. So this law specialization deals with prohibiting agreements or practices that restrict free trading and competition between businesses banning abusive behavior by a firm dominating a market along with mergers and acquisitions of large corporations which also include some joint ventures. Now imagine that a company has become so strong that it has taken over the entire market. So that is why you have competition law so that free trade market flows. Suppose a company is so strong in one field, for example, like Jio, Jio is growing, there are many mergers and acquisitions. But it shouldn't happen that one day a firm takes over FMCG and the entire market is taken over by Jio. So that is why you have competition law so that other companies also exist and survive and free competition and free market is available for them. Next is intellectual property law and mergers and acquisitions law which I will tell you one by one so we will end the video here. These were the major specializations which are available. There will be many more specializations but I tried to explain them to you broadly. So in this, intellectual property law deals with the rules for securing and enforcing legal rights to inventions, designs and artistic works. Mergers and acquisitions law deals with law affecting the purchase of one company by another or the blending of two companies into a new entity. So if two companies merge, it is called mergers and acquisitions. So there is one merger where two companies merge and there is one acquisition where one company takes over the other. In intellectual property law, this specialization deals with rules for securing and enforcing legal rights to inventions, designs and artistic works. And in intellectual property law, there is a slight difference but these are two different things. So with this, you have understood what are our specializations. Now I have told you basic things about law courses and what are the courses and in this, I have told you about specializations. Later, I will explain which are the top colleges of law which are the top exams and what are the career options of law. We will try to talk to some established lawyers to get an understanding of day-to-day life of a lawyer and a lot more. So that all I will keep explaining. You will get all those videos in this playlist. Stay tuned for that. Thank you so much for watching this video. If you found this video valuable, please share with your friends and with your community also. Thanks a lot for joining. I will see you in next video.