Speaker 1: Have you ever felt like you're stuck in a creative loop? You start a script, get halfway done, but because you can't figure out that ending, you abandon it. Then start a new one. Then it happens again. And again. So writer-director Dan Harmon tackled this exact problem. He took centuries of storytelling principles and turned them into an easy-to-use guide for building a compelling story. One circle, eight steps. Understanding good narrative structure won't just make you a better writer, it'll make you a better storyteller. Today we're going to be looking at Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight, a film with a seemingly complex plot that we can break down into the eight simple steps of the story circle. Step one, you, the protagonist. By calling the first step you, we create an active tense, which creates an active drive. The you in The Dark Knight is Bruce Wayne. In this step, we also establish the status quo of this world. And as you know, Bruce's status quo is to fight crime. Step two is need. You need. Adding a need for your protagonist begins their story. In The Dark Knight, there's a scene where Alfred says to Batman, Know your limits, Master Wayne.

Speaker 2: Batman has no limits. Well, you do, sir.

Speaker 1: It may be time to hang up the cape, that's the external need. However, the internal need is that Bruce also wants to be with Rachel.

Speaker 3: You once told me that if the day came when I was finished, that we'd be together.

Speaker 2: Bruce, don't make me your one hope for a normal life.

Speaker 1: So now, Bruce Wayne needs a third thing, a replacement. He doesn't want to do this for the rest of his life, how could he? Batman is looking for someone to take up his mantle.

Speaker 2: Someone like you, Mr. Dent?

Speaker 1: Maybe. Step three is go. You go. This is where your main character enters the chaos realm of the Circle. Batman needs a replacement, so he actively seeks that out in the form of Harvey Dent, the new promising DA.

Speaker 3: I believe that on his watch, Gotham can feel a little safer.

Speaker 1: But Harvey also has needs. He needs to capture Lau, a key individual in Gotham's organized crime scene. If Batman can deliver Lau to Harvey, Harvey can then put him in prison, which allows Bruce Wayne to retire Batman and be with Rachel.

Speaker 2: If I get him to you, can you get him to talk? I'll get him to sing.

Speaker 1: End of movie, right? Not quite. Step four, search. When go doesn't work, you have to keep searching. This is where the writer has to put a host of roadblocks between the protagonist and their need. Just because Batman caught Lau doesn't mean Gotham is any safer. As they celebrate their victory, a new kind of criminal crashes the party. This pushes Bruce Wayne's drive into a higher gear as the Joker unleashes a new crime wave

Speaker 2: on Gotham.

Speaker 1: Section five, find. You find. This step is critical. Here the protagonist finds what they were looking for in step two, but it doesn't quite go the way they expected.

Speaker 3: In fact, things go sideways.

Speaker 1: Therefore Bruce Wayne decides to take off the mask, but before Bruce has a chance to do it. And once again, Bruce's seemingly great plan is foiled. Take you take. Because once you get your hands on whatever it is that you want, you have to take it. But that may also mean that you have to pay the price, as Dan Harmon puts it. In this case, Batman finally captures the Joker.

Speaker 3: But the Joker reveals his trump card, and he gives Batman a false location for both

Speaker 1: of them. Batman mistakenly rescues Harvey, but Rachel... This is the price Bruce pays. The loss forces Bruce to reconsider his future, and indeed his initial need. Now he has no reason to retire Batman. The lesson here is that you have to push your antagonist to the brink. It can't just be something bad, it has to be something totally devastating.

Speaker 2: Rachel believed in what you stood for. What we stand for. Gotham needs you.

Speaker 1: Step seven is return. You return. He's emerged from the chaos realm, but has suffered a heavy loss. He's returning back to the start, altered by his experiences in the second act, but now equipped with a new need. And Gotham still needs him, because the Joker has flipped Harvey's moral coin. He is now Two-Face. No not that Two-Face. This one. Two-Face has a need of his own as well, to avenge Rachel's death. As these characters come to a head, what they have become on this journey is finally exposed. You change. Change has to be made visual. This is often called testing the change, or the final showdown. Batman has to stop Harvey. Unfortunately, the only way is to kill him. Thus, he takes blame for Harvey's crimes, and becomes the Dark Knight, a villain made to absorb the chaos of Two-Face, in order to preserve the heroism of Harvey Dent. Which brings us full circle. A hero's growth is often demonstrated by returning them to the start of the story. Everything may look the same, but the hero is now different. The journey not only changed Bruce, it changed Batman. And that's what makes this a great Batman story. So, if you're stuck in the middle of that creative loop and can't find a way to finish your script, just think about the story circle. And don't worry, you don't need to memorize all of this. You can click on the link in the description below, and download a free story circle worksheet to plot out your own story. Also, be sure to check out StudioBinder for more videos and storytelling resources, just like this one. We'll see you in the next video.