Speaker 1: Hello everyone. Assalamualaikum. Welcome to the Virtual Communication Disorders campus. Myself Urmi Habiba. I am doing my BSc in Audiology and Speech Language Pathology from Pizer PUP. In this video, I will talk about dialect. So furthermore delay, let's get started. What is dialect? Dialect refers to the variations of a language as used in an identical way by all its speakers. A dialect is a variety of a language that has characteristics of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that are different from other varieties. Types of dialect. Douglas Weber distinguishes two main kinds of dialects in linguistics. Regional dialect and social dialect. Geographic dialects are varieties associated with speakers living in a particular location, while social dialects are varieties associated with speakers belonging to a given demographic group. Regional dialect. A regional dialect is a distinct form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area, also known as a regiolect or topolect. Regional dialect is a variety of language that is spoken in a geographical area for many hundreds of years as seen in differences in pronunciations, in the choices and form of the word and syntax. British and American English have some differences in stress of some words. Listen to the pronunciation. First the British English and then the American English. English. Adult. Adult. Ballot. Ballot. Vaccine. Vaccine. Advertisement. Advertisement. Hospitable. Hospitable. Grammar differences. The British say, I have lost my key. Have you seen it? And Americans say, I lost my key. Have you seen it? Different vocabulary. In the United States, it is called movie and in Great Britain, it is called cinema. In the United States, it is called a holiday and in Great Britain, it is called a vacation. In the United States, it is called sweet and in Great Britain, it is called candy. What is social dialect? A variety of language that reflects social variation in language use according to certain factors related to the social group of the speaker such as education, occupation, income level, etc. Social dialect is also known as sociolect. According to Peter Churchill, sociolect is a variety which is thought of as being related to its speakers, social background rather than geographical background. Various factors to determine social position or factors affecting social dialect. Social class, religion, education, profession, caste, age, gender, occupation, place of residence, racial origin, cultural background, etc. How languages vary in social dialect. Pronunciation. Upper class people and lower class people in Bangladesh speak different variety of Bangla. Upper class people say janala, khachi, bhat khabo and lower class people say janala, khaitasi, bhat khamu. Vocabulary as a social maker. In the 1950s in England, many pairs of words were to identify the social group the speaker belongs to. The word either placed the speaker in the upper class speakers or the non-upper class speaker. The upper class speakers call it the sitting room and the non-upper class call it the lodge. Similarly, the upper class speakers call it the lavatory and non-upper class call it the toilet. Grammar as a social maker. In English speaking communities, it was found that children from lower class families used more vernacular verbs than children from middle class families. As an example, when use of present tense, higher class people say he works to college every day and lower class people say he works to college every day. When use of past tense, higher class people say I finished that book yesterday and lower class people say I finished that book yesterday. When use of negative forms, higher class people say nobody wants any chips and lower class people say nobody don't want no chips. Language variation due to educational background. Well-educated people's language, formal, appropriate, grammatically correct, talk like a book. Less educated people's language, more casual, sometimes ungrammatical, infrequent words in speech. Castes or religion. Social dialects can be seen clearly in Indonesia or India where caste systems determined by birth. The social distinctions are also reflected in speech and a person's social dialect reflects his social background. Muslims say pani and Hindus say chol. Muslims say goshol and Hindus say snan. Muslims say abba amma and Hindus say ma baba. Register related to social dialect. The concept of linguistic register has been described by Churchill as follows. Linguistic varieties that are linked to occupations, professions or topics have been termed registers. The register of law for example is different from the register of medicine which in turn is different from the language of engineering and so on. They are characterized solely by vocabulary differences either by the use of particular words or by the use of words in a particular sense. Social dialects versus regional dialects. Overall comparison of social dialects and regional dialects is social dialects. Difference in use of language due to social class discrepancies. Social barriers. Distance is not an important factor. The distinction is not clear cut. Can be easily influenced by external factors. Regional dialects. Difference in use of language due to geographical discrepancies. Geographical barriers. Distance is an important factor. The distinction is clear cut. Not easily influenced by external factors. Main difference between language and dialect. Language is the method of human communication either spoken or written consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way. Dialect is a variety of language distinguished by grammar, pronunciation or vocabulary spoken in a specific area by a specific group of people. This is the main difference between language and dialect. Language versus dialect. Now we will know the difference between language and dialect. First the language and then the dialect. Language is the method of human communication either spoken or written consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way. Language can be categorized into two main parts spoken language and written language. Written language. Language of the same language family are often not mutually intelligible. Dialect. Dialect is a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group. Dialect can be categorized into two main parts standard dialects and non-standard dialects. Dialects of the same language are often mutually intelligible. you