Speaker 1: Welcome. Today, I'm going to explain to you the difference between using SPSS for your data analysis and using R. But first, let me begin with a story. I like to build things. And over the summer, I remodeled my kid's bedroom. And I really wanted to go with a pirate themed bedroom. I thought that would be super cool and super fun for the kiddos. And for the bed, we wanted a bunk bed, but we needed to sleep three kids. And so we wanted a bunk bed with a trundle bed underneath. But before this, we already had a trundle bed. And the problem was the kids would never put the trundle bed away. And so it was just always left out and they didn't have any room to play. And I also wanted this bed to be pirate themed because I'm building a pirate room. Now, what I could have done is I could have looked online and I might have found a bunk bed, but there is no trundle or I might have found a trundle bed, but there is no fun way of putting it away. And so I wanted to incorporate a really fun way for them to put it away that would encourage them to put it away. And I wanted it all to fit within the theme of the room. So I wanted it to be a pirate themed bunk bed. Now I could have looked online. I might have found a bunk bed with no trundle or I might have found a trundle bed, but there was no fun way of putting it away. Or maybe I could have found a pirate themed bunk bed, but it wouldn't have had a trundle or it wouldn't have had a cool way of putting it away. So what did I do? Well, I found a bunk bed and I painted it and I decorated it pirate themed. And then I built a trundle bed to go underneath. And then I built a really cool pirate helm that you can turn to put the bed away. And the kids love it. They always put the trundle bed away. They can't wait to put the trundle bed away. So why am I talking about bunk beds? When I think of SPSS, it's like shopping at Walmart and Walmart is a great place to shop for some things. They have lots of prepackaged commodities, just like SPSS has a bunch of prepackaged commodities, like a T-test and an Innova and a regression. But the minute you run into something specialized, there's nothing you can do. You can't find a pirate themed bunk bed with a trundle bed that can fold up into itself by turning a pirate's helm. You can't do that. Likewise in SPSS, you can do a T-test, but you can't do a T-test with beeswarm plots and a Cohen's D. So R is like building your own customized pirate bed. There are prepackaged options just like there are with SPSS. For example, you could easily perform a T-test in R using a prepackaged option, but it also allows you to get customized results. And it also allows you to dissect existing packages and modify them for your own purposes. In my stats classes, at least the graduate classes, I choose to teach them with R. Why? Because I teach a very different statistics curriculum. See the video links in the description for my univariate playlist. This curriculum requires tools that SPSS just does not have. In other words, all my statistical analyses require a really cool pirate helm. Now fortunately I've created a point and click interface in JASP to do a lot of those things, but not all. For example, you can't really do model comparisons in JASP. And for my curriculum, that's pretty important. Learning R is like teaching you how to be a carpenter. Maybe someday you'll need to do generalized estimating equations. And I have no idea how to do generalized estimating equations. Never done them before, but I am a master carpenter or a master statistician and I can figure it out. Likewise, when you learn R, you learn the skills necessary to create any sort of analysis you would ever want to do or customize any analysis you would ever want to do. So again, I am teaching you to be a carpenter, but of course there is always a cost with learning R. It's very easy to buy things at Walmart. It's very hard to build things. Likewise, it is easy to run analyses in SPSS. And I use air quotes there because I think analyses in SPSS are overly complicated and it's hard to design and build your own pirate bed. Just like it's hard to learn R. SPSS has a graphical interface. R on the other hand is a programming language. Your analysis must be coded. So R is hard. And let me just say that I have taught lots of students how to use R. And almost without exception, all of them are terrified. And that's okay. It's a terrifying thing to learn. But there seems to be two types of people. Those who are terrified and paralyzed by that fear. And those who are terrified recognize their terror and say, okay, I recognize my terror, but I need to learn this. So I'm going to learn it. And some of those really flounder and always let that fear paralyze them and never really grasp R. But the students who decide to own it, guess what? They get it. Eventually something happens that things just click and then it becomes natural to you. So if you are my student, or if you stumbled on this video accidentally, guess what? You just need to decide that you're going to learn R. I know it's terrifying and that's okay. But own that terror. Own the fact that you're going to learn R and just suck it up and do it. Don't let your fear prevent you from really diving in and understanding what I'm about to teach you. And fortunately for you, you have me. I didn't have me. I had to learn it on my own, but you don't. You don't have to learn it on your own. You have me. You have lots of resources that I didn't have. And I'm here to guide you every step of the way. So with that, let's move on to the next video where I'm going to show you how to install R.